Earth-based spirituality is a spiritual and religious worldview that puts the Earth in the center of the spiritual practice. Some of these paths view the Earth as divine and may refer to the Earth as their Mother Goddess. In this case the Earth may be the primary or only deity, or She may be part of a larger family of deities.
Many Earth-based spiritualities are Pantheistic or Panenthiestic, but some are Atheistics. A notable example includes Gaian Spirituality or Gaianism which is based on the Gaia Hypothesis. In this case the Earth or Gaia is like an organism that we are all a part of, but not a God in the traditional sense.
Most Earth-based spiritualities incorporate aspects of the Gaia Hypothesis whether or not they believe Gaia to be an actual Goddess or an actual organism. While Gaia is a popular name for the Earth Mother, there are many others in different traditions but by whatever name She is called, it would seem that the Earth is almost always personified as female.
Many members of Earth-based spiritual and religious traditions are proponents of Sacred Activism in environmental areas. Starhawk is a notable example.
